Los discursos públicos que circulan sobre las matemáticas y su aprendizaje determinan el modo en que las familias y los alumnos dan sentido a sus experiencias escolares. En Estados Unidos, estos discursos pueden desempeñar un papel importante en el desarrollo de la política educativa pública debido al compromiso de los consejos escolares públicos de escuchar las voces de la comunidad, así como al reciente (aunque no nuevo) aumento de la organización de grupos de padres conservadores bien financiados que trabajan para (...) mantener -y exacerbar- la desigualdad de oportunidades educativas que persiste en este país. En este trabajo analizamos el discurso público en torno al aprendizaje de las matemáticas en una reunión del consejo escolar local de la ciudad de Nueva York. Utilizando herramientas de análisis de la interacción, examinamos el discurso en torno a una propuesta para restablecer la selección basada en exámenes para la admisión en la escuela secundaria. Delineamos dos características clave de los supuestos de "sentido común" en torno al aprendizaje de las matemáticas que circularon en esta reunión -los estudiantes de matemáticas permanecen en una trayectoria de aprendizaje unidimensional, y con diferentes tasas de avance- e investigamos cómo estos supuestos jugaron en la construcción de un mundo figurado de "matemáticas escolarizadas". Argumentamos que las consecuencias que se derivan necesariamente de estos supuestos de sentido común construyen las matemáticas como jerárquicas y fijas, situando a los alumnos en una trayectoria de aprendizaje unidimensional. Por último, situamos este conjunto de supuestos emergentes en el proyecto racial neoliberal y consideramos las formas en que configuran una imaginación particular de la escolarización y las matemáticas bajo el neoliberalismo. (shrink)

Maya in Physics in a synthesis of modern physics and the Advaita Vedanta with an integral thesis emerging out of the confluence. In the exposition of the Advaita Vedanta its philosophy has been reinterpreted in the light of modern science. In this process the vedanta has been demystified and physics dematerialized Instead of being confined to inter school parallelism only this book tries ot present a total vision of the entire cosmos and its dependence on Brahman the transcendental being which (...) is the non dual reality Maya the power of Brahman or the Primordial Unmanifest Nature has been assigned a metaphysical status without violating the traditionality of the Vedanta. Part I of the book deals with classical Newtonian physics, thermodynamics, relativity, quantum physics, particle physics, astrophysics, and cosmology. Part II is a presentation of the Advaita Vedanta, in a modern format. Part III is a confluence of the Advaita Vedanta and modern science (especially physics). An integral thesis emerges out of the confluence. There has been an amalgam of spirituality and science. The whole approach is holistic, synthetic, and integral. (shrink)

Waggish Coquetry in South Asian Street Communication critically examines the role of coquettish remarks in urban life of South Asia, in the context of the sociology and linguistics of South Asian street communication. Ali R. Fatihi explores the design and structure of coquetry, and in so doing sheds light on the role of gendered street communication as a type of sexual harassment. Fatihi takes up the semiology of the street, focusing on the street as the locus of communication and its (...) meaning in the community"--Provided by publisher. (shrink)

Sociopolitical attitudes are often the root cause of conflicts between individuals, groups, and even nations, but little is known about the origin of individual differences in sociopolitical orientation. We test a combination of economic and evolutionary ideas about the degree to which the mating market, sex, age, and income affect sociopolitical orientation. We collected data online through Amazon’s Mechanical Turk from 1108 US participants who were between 18 and 60, fluent in English, and single. While ostensibly testing a new online (...) dating website, participants created an online dating profile and described people they would like to date. We manipulated the participants’ popularity in the mating market and the size of the market and then measured participants’ sociopolitical attitudes. The sociopolitical attitudes were reduced to five dimensions via Principal Components Analysis. Both manipulations affected attitudes toward wealth redistribution but were largely not significant predictors of the other dimensions. Men reported more unrestricted sociosexual attitudes, and more support for benevolent sexism and traditional family values, than women did, and women supported wealth redistribution more than men did. There was no sex difference in accepting nonconforming behaviors. Younger people and people with lower incomes were more liberal than older people and people with higher incomes, respectively, regardless of sex. Overall, effects were largely not interactive, suggesting that individual differences in sociopolitical orientation may reflect strategic self-interest and be more straightforward than previously predicted. (shrink)

Introduction The integration of artificial intelligence (AI) into healthcare introduces innovative possibilities but raises ethical, legal and professional concerns. Assessing the performance of AI in core components of the United States Medical Licensing Examination (USMLE), such as communication skills, ethics, empathy and professionalism, is crucial. This study evaluates how well ChatGPT versions 3.5 and 4.0 handle complex medical scenarios using USMLE-Rx, AMBOSS and UWorld question banks, aiming to understand its ability to navigate patient interactions according to medical ethics and standards. (...) Methods We compiled 273 questions from AMBOSS, USMLE-Rx and UWorld, focusing on communication, social sciences, healthcare policy and ethics. GPT-3.5 and GPT-4 were tasked with answering and justifying their choices in new chat sessions to minimise model interference. Responses were compared against question bank rationales and average student performance to evaluate AI effectiveness in medical ethical decision-making. Results GPT-3.5 answered 38.9% correctly in AMBOSS, 54.1% in USMLE-Rx and 57.4% in UWorld, with rationale accuracy rates of 83.3%, 90.0% and 87.0%, respectively. GPT-4 answered 75.9% correctly in AMBOSS, 64.9% in USMLE-Rx and 79.6% in UWorld, with rationale accuracy rates of 85.4%, 88.9%, and 98.8%, respectively. Both versions generally scored below average student performance, except GPT-4 in UWorld. Conclusion ChatGPT, particularly version 4.0, shows potential in navigating ethical and interpersonal medical scenarios. However, human reasoning currently surpasses AI in average performance. Continued development and training of AI systems can enhance proficiency in these critical healthcare aspects. (shrink)

Given the ubiquitous nature of love, numerous theories have been proposed to explain its existence. One such theory refers to love as a commitment device, suggesting that romantic love evolved to foster commitment between partners and enhance their reproductive success. In the present study, we investigated this hypothesis using a large-scale sample of 86,310 individual responses collected across 90 countries. If romantic love is universally perceived as a force that fosters commitment between long-term partners, we expected that individuals likely to (...) suffer greater losses from the termination of their relationships—including people of lower socioeconomic status, those with many children, and women—would place a higher value on romantic love compared to people with higher status, those with fewer children, and men. These predictions were supported. Additionally, we observed that individuals from countries with a higher (vs. lower) Human Development Index placed a greater level of importance on romantic love, suggesting that modernization might influence how romantic love is evaluated. On average, participants worldwide were unwilling to commit to a long-term romantic relationship without love, highlighting romantic love’s universal importance. (shrink)

Skin-transmitted pathogens have threatened humans since ancient times. We investigated whether skin-transmitted pathogens were a subclass of disgust stimuli that evoked an emotional response that was related to, but distinct from, disgust and fear. We labelled this response “the heebie jeebies”. In Study 1, coding of 76 participants’ experiences of disgust, fear, and the heebie jeebies showed that the heebie jeebies was elicited by unique stimuli which produced skin-crawling sensations and an urge to protect the skin. In Experiment 2,350 participants’ (...) responses to skin-transmitted pathogen, fear-inducing, and disgust-inducing vignettes showed that the vignettes elicited sensations and urges which loaded onto heebie jeebies, fear, and disgust factors, respectively. Experiment 3 largely replicated findings from Experiment 2 using video stimuli. Results are consistent with the notion that skin-transmitted pathogens are a subclass of disgust stimuli which motivate behaviours that are functionally consistent with disgust yet qualitatively distinct. (shrink)

Firearm injury in the United States is a public health crisis in which physicians are uniquely situated to intervene. However, their ability to mitigate harm is limited by a complex array of laws and regulations that shape their role in firearm injury prevention. This piece uses four clinical scenarios to illustrate how these laws and regulations impact physician practice, including patient counseling, injury reporting, and the use of court orders and involuntary holds. Unintended consequences on clinical practice of laws intended (...) to reduce firearm injury are also discussed. Lessons drawn from these cases suggest that physicians require more nuanced education on this topic, and that policymakers should consult front-line healthcare providers when designing firearm policies. (shrink)

The federal government is funding a sea change in health care by investing in interventions targeting social determinants of health, which are significant contributors to illness and health inequity. This funding power has encouraged states, professional and accreditation organizations, health care entities, and providers to focus heavily on social determinants. We examine how this shift in focus affects clinical practice in the fields of oncology and emergency medicine, and highlight potential areas of reform.

BackgroundPrivate umbilical cord blood banking is a for-profit industry in which parents pay to store blood for potential future use. Governments have noted the tendency for private banks to oversell the potential for cord blood use, especially in relation to speculative cell therapies not yet supported by clinical evidence. We assessed the regulatory landscape governing private cord bank marketing in Canada.Main bodyBecause the problematic marketing of private cord blood banking for future use often relates to speculative future cell therapies that (...) do not exist and are not being advertised for current clinical use, most private blood bank marketing seems to fall outside Health Canada’s regulatory scope. However, this problematic marketing is regulated by the Competition Bureau pursuant to the Competition Act. While representations relating to future hypothetical treatments may not always be subject to the legal requirement for claim substantiation, the law also prohibits individuals and companies from knowingly or recklessly making representations that are “false or misleading in a material respect.” A representation is materially false or misleading when it could “influence a consumer’s behavior or purchasing decisions,” and consumers are likely to be considered to be “credulous and inexperienced” for the purposes of assessing an advertisement’s general impression. Because all of the potential benefit of the banking is derived from the potential future use of the biological material for health interventions directed toward the customers and their relatives, and because we know the best available medical evidence indicates a very low probability of utility in this context, we can say with confidence that some private cord blood banking claims are materially misleading. Moreover, to the extent that medical professionals are involved in private bank interactions with customers or hold ownership stakes in private banks, they are subject to professional codes, standards of practice, and potentially fiduciary obligations that further prohibit misleading marketing.ConclusionsPrivate cord blood bank marketing that advertises hypothetical future treatments can be misleading and may influence consumer behaviour. This marketing may breach existing advertising law. Regulatory bodies should enforce the law in order to help prevent public health and personal financial harm. (shrink)

The developmental evidence for children's respect for ownership reveals that children will enforce the property rights of third parties before they themselves respect other's property. This pattern of development suggests the need for clarification or modification of the minimalist model. Here, I consider three explanations for the gap between knowledge and behavior for respect of ownership.

Over 5 million college students in the United States – nearly one-in-three students currently enrolled – are of immigrant origin, meaning they are either the children of immigrant parents or guardians and/or immigrants themselves. These students accounted for almost 60% of the growth in higher education enrolment in the 21st century. Nevertheless, there is very little research dedicated to this student population's specific experiences of postsecondary education, with similar absences discernible within the realms of higher education policy and practice. Although (...) college campuses are making important progress in building more inclusive spaces, conversations about climate and student care rarely account for the journeys of students of immigrant origin. Featuring 20 chapters written by more than 50 contributors, this book addresses this glaring omission. The authors examine how students of immigrant origin experience the road to, through, and beyond higher education, while, simultaneously, speaking to evidence-based implications for policy, research, and practice. (shrink)

Rapid advancements in information technology have significantly changed in various aspects of life, including in the fields of economics and investment. Metaverse, a concept of a virtual world that allows for social, economic, and cultural interactions in a digital environment, has emerged as one of the most prominent innovations in recent years. The millennial generation, often referred to as digital natives, has shown a strong interest in adopting this new technology. However, many millennials still do not know how to invest (...) through technological advancements in the metaverse. The purpose of this study is to analyze the variables that influence the interest of the millennial generation in metaverse investment. This study uses a quantitative method with respondents who are millennials in Jepara Regency aged 19–21 years. The sampling technique uses purposive sampling. Data were collected through a questionnaire with a google form distributed to 92 millennial respondents spread across Jepara Regency. Respondent data were analyzed with the help of analysis software. The results showed that 72% of the millennial generation in Jepara Regency were interested in utilizing technological advances properly, one of which is by investing through the metaverse. The findings indicate a clear interest and effort among millennials in Jepara Regency to invest in the metaverse. This study may contribute to strategies aimed at increasing millennial participation in metaverse-based investment in the region. (shrink)

Numerous social, economic and academic pressures can have a negative impact on representations of biomedical research. We review several of the forces playing an increasingly pernicious role in how health and science information is interpreted, shared and used, drawing discussions towards the role of narrative. In turn, we explore how aspects of narrative are used in different social contexts and communication environments, and present creative responses that may help counter the negative trends. As traditional methods of communication have in many (...) ways failed the public, changes in approach are required, including the creative use of narratives. (shrink)

The clinical development of implantable neural devices raises complex ethical questions about post-trial responsibilities to participants. Continued support for participants who continue to use investigational implantable neural devices requires ongoing specialist care, technical expertise, access to tertiary clinical infrastructure, and substantial financial resources to pay for the device and related procedures. However, continued access may not be possible if the trial shows no benefit, if financial barriers limit commercial viability, or if safety concerns lead to suspension or early termination. Specific (...) ethical guidance on post-trial responsibility is urgently needed. To address this challenge within the Australian innovation context, we conducted a modified Delphi study with a multidisciplinary panel of 24 experts, including representatives from industry, bioethics, law, neurosurgery, clinical psychology/neuropsychology, clinical research, neural engineering, regulation and governance, and lived experience advocacy. The process involved two workshops and a survey, guided by established RAND/UCLA methods with context-specific modifications. Drawing on prior empirical research and regulatory review, the panel developed 11 consensus recommendations for responsible post-trial practices. All recommendations achieved high levels of agreement and were rated as highly important for addressing ethical risks in the Australian environment. These are the first jurisdiction-specific recommendations of their kind, and we anticipate they will substantially enhance ethical and practical standards for post-trial responsibility in implantable neural device research in Australia and internationally. (shrink)

Despite a large and multifaceted effort to understand the vast landscape of phenotypic data, their current form inhibits productive data analysis. The lack of a community-wide, consensus-based, human- and machine-interpretable language for describing phenotypes and their genomic and environmental contexts is perhaps the most pressing scientific bottleneck to integration across many key fields in biology, including genomics, systems biology, development, medicine, evolution, ecology, and systematics. Here we survey the current phenomics landscape, including data resources and handling, and the progress that (...) has been made to accurately capture relevant data descriptions for phenotypes. We present an example of the kind of integration across domains that computable phenotypes would enable, and we call upon the broader biology community, publishers, and relevant funding agencies to support efforts to surmount today's data barriers and facilitate analytical reproducibility. (shrink)

The present study investigates variability among raters from different linguistic backgrounds, who evaluated the pragmatic performance of English language learners with varying native languages (L1s) by using both self- and peer-assessments. To this end, written discourse completion task (WDCT) samples of requesting speech acts from 10 participants were collected. Thereafter, the participants were asked to assess their peers’ WDCTs before assessing their own samples using the same rating scale. The raters were further asked to provide an explanation for their rating (...) decisions. Findings indicate that there may indeed be a link between a rater’s language background and their scoring patterns, although the results regarding peer- and self-assessment are mixed. There are both similarities and differences in the participants’ use of pragmatic norms and social rules in evaluating appropriateness. (shrink)

This paper presents a unifying framework for the study of artificial life, intelIigence and reality. By providing this framework we can give a clear and concise introduction to the fundamental arguments of all three artificial sciences and facilitate the translation of arguments from any one domain to the other two. The framework is based on a variant of functionalism that does not exclude the role of the observer.